Agricultural Sciences: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Charles Valentine Memorial Lecture, 20 Nov. 2024 (C.S. Prakash, Lisa Ainsworth, Anastasia Bodnar, and Kate Tully)

I want to highlight a lecture recently given by one of the most influential scientists in the international debate on GMOs and gene editing in agriculture. Born in India, C. S. Prakash lives and works in the U.S. and has been elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). His lecture, delivered at the AAAS Center for Scientific Evidence in Public Issues, traces the progress made over the past sixty years in the field of global food security—i.e., meeting the growing demand for food from the world’s population.

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Fall and Rise: Italy’s Journey from GMOs to CRISPR

Italy has long been one of the most hostile countries toward GMOs, to the point of shutting down research in this field. Today, however, it stands among the most active EU members in testing New Genomic Techniques. How did this transformation happen? EMBO Reports features insights from some of the Italian scientists who have championed the defense of GMOs and the revival of experimental fields. Happy reading!

CRISPR in Trump’s time

A wait-and-see atmosphere lingers in the biotech and pharma sector. Vice President-designate J.D. Vance recently spoke with enthusiasm on Joe Rogan’s podcast about the first CRISPR treatment to hit the market—the one for sickle cell anemia. However, there’s rising concern about RFK Jr., who could exert significant influence over health and food policies. His broad “natural = good” ideology is both philosophically and scientifically dubious, and his clear anti-GMO positions are worrisome. Listening to his conversation with anti-biotech activist Jeffrey Smith on the RFK Jr. podcast reveals a revival of the classic 1990s narrative—corporations as villains, a corrupt establishment, suppressed scientists, concealed health risks—all now repurposed to criticize CRISPR technology, which is portrayed as unreliable and uncontrollable.

Will edited foods appeal to consumers?

While the number of studies on this topic is limited, they generally align in indicating that genome-edited plants are more appealing to the public than GMOs. Supporting this assertion is an analysis set to be published in the June issue of Current Opinion in Biotechnology. Hans De Steur and his colleagues at the University of Ghent in Belgium conducted a review of data collected from various countries worldwide, including Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

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NGT-leaks: EC confidential proposal circulating online

The European Commission’s proposal for an updated regulatory framework for New Genomic Techniques is due on 5 July, but someone leaked the confidential document online. In a nutshell, if the modification could also have been achieved naturally or by conventional methods, and the plant has the same risk profile as its conventional counterpart, it should be treated similarly to conventional plants and differently from GMOs (it would not require authorisation, risk assessment, traceability, labelling as GMO, but would be placed in a transparency register). For plants in which editing or cisgenesis has led to results that differ from conventional ones, the current GMO rules apply. You can read the Genetic Literacy Project’s explanation here.

Please note a couple of things environamental NGOs and organic producers should like: herbicide-tolerant NGT plants would remain subject to GMO rules, and all NGT plants would remain subject to the prohibition of use of GMOs in organic production.

New genomic techniques: EU consultation results

On April 29, the European Commission launched an online public consultation on whether the EU regulatory framework should be reformed to keep pace with scientific and technological advances. The results, released on the consultation website, show a clear majority in favor of rethinking the current rules, which were approved when New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) such as targeted mutagenesis (i.e., CRISPR) did not yet exist. Here are the highlights:

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EU Citizens’ Initiative for fair rules on NBT

The initiative to foster responsible agricultural innovation in the EU was started by a group of young Master’s students from eight EU member states, with backgrounds in food safety, food law, environmental studies, plant sciences, economics and biotechnology. They met at Wageningen University and joined forces to urge the European Commission to update the legislation on plant breeding. Please visit https://www.growscientificprogress.org/ to know more and sign up.

How green is CRISPR future? The EU judgment is coming

sunflowers in Spain

Tomorrow, the European Court of Justice is set to pronounce a verdict on the legal status of organisms produced through mutagenesis. In January, the opinion of the Advocate General Michal Bobek was variously interpreted, but scientists are hopeful that the judgment of Case C 528/16 will help the European Commission to reasonably regulate new breeding technologies such as CRISPR. Continue reading

CRISPR at the EU Court

advocate-general-opinionAgbiotech supporters and opponents have been waiting for months for the opinion of the Advocate General of the European Court of Justice, hoping that it would settle the fateful question: do edited plants follow the same legislation as GMOs? The answer, however, does not appear to be conclusive and has been variously interpreted. Nature, The Scientist, and The Guardian are cautiously optimistic, but this Euractiv article is even more interesting. Uncertainty is the prevailing mood in this field. Continue reading